Voting begins for Maldives Parliament, watched by India and China vying for control of Indian Ocean

Maldives’ President Mohamed Muizzu (C) along with his supporters take part in an election campaign rally on the eve of the country’s parliamentary election, in Male on April 20, 2024. The Maldives votes on April 21 in a parliamentary election likely to test Muizzu’s tilt towards China and away from India, the luxury tourism hotspot’s traditional benefactor. | Photo Credit: AFP

Maldivians voted in parliamentary elections on April 21, in a ballot crucial for President Mohamed Muizzu, whose policies are keenly watched by India and China as they vie for influence in the archipelago nation.

Both countries are seeking a foothold in the Maldives, which has a strategic location in the Indian Ocean.

Mr. Muizzu's election as President last year sharpened the rivalry between India and China, with the new leader taking a pro-China stand and acting to remove Indian troops stationed on one of the country's islets.

Securing a majority in Parliament will be tough for Mr. Muizzu because some of his allies have fallen out and more parties entered the race.

Also Read | As Indian troops pull out, Maldives signs defence pact with China 

Six political parties and independent groups are fielding 368 candidates for 93 seats in Parliament. That is six more seats than the previous Parliament following adjustments for population growth.

About 284,000 people were eligible to vote and tentative results were expected to be announced late on April 21.

Mr. Muizzu's election campaign theme for President was “India out”, accusing his predecessor of compromising national sovereignty by giving India too much influence.

At least 75 Indian military personnel were stationed in the Maldives and their known activities were operating two aircraft donated by India and assisting in the rescue of people stranded or faced with calamities at sea. Mr. Muizzu has taken steps to have civilians take over those activities.

Relations strained further when Indian social media activists started a boycott campaign of Maldives tourism. That was in retaliation for three Maldivian Deputy Ministers making derogatory statements about Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi for raising the idea of promoting tourism in Lakshadweep, India's own string of islands similar to the Maldives.

Also Read | Indian tourists’ boycott call post Modi visit to Lakshadweep may impact Maldives | Data

According to recent Maldives government statistics, the number of Indian tourists has fallen, dropping that country from being the top source of foreign visitors to No. 6.

Mr. Muizzu visited China earlier this year and negotiated an increase in the number of tourists and inbound flights from China.

In 2013, Maldives joined China's “Belt and Road” initiative meant to build ports and highways to expand trade — and China's influence — across Asia, Africa and Europe.